D Minor Scale
D minor has a haunted, brooding quality. Mozart reportedly called it his most emotional key and composed his Requiem in D minor. In folk and rock, its open voicings and drone possibilities give it a timeless, slightly ancient feel.
Notes in D Natural Minor
The D natural minor scale contains: D — E — F — G — A — B♭ — C. Natural minor follows the interval formula T–S–T–T–S–T–T (whole-half-whole-whole-half-whole-whole), producing the characteristic 'darkened' 3rd, 6th, and 7th degrees compared to the parallel major scale.
Key Signature & Relatives
D minor and F major share the same key signature (1 flat (B♭)), but their tonal centres are different — one feels resolved and bright, the other dark and introspective. The parallel major (D major) shares the same root but has a completely different set of notes.
Diatonic Chords
The seven diatonic chords built from D natural minor are:
In detail: D minor, E diminished, F major, G minor, A minor, B♭ major, C major. In natural minor, the i, iv, and v chords are minor, and the III, VI, and VII chords are major — the opposite pattern to major keys.
Famous Songs in D Minor
These well-known recordings are written or based in D minor:
- "Scarborough Fair" – Simon & Garfunkel
- "Eleanor Rigby" – The Beatles
- "Sultans of Swing" – Dire Straits
- "All Along the Watchtower" – Bob Dylan
Natural, Harmonic, and Melodic Minor
The natural minor scale (shown above) is the most common form. The harmonic minor raises the 7th degree by a half step, creating a leading tone that pulls strongly back to the root — it adds a classical, exotic tension. The melodic minor raises both the 6th and 7th when ascending (then returns to natural minor when descending), smoothing out the awkward interval of the harmonic minor. Open the scale explorer to hear all three variants in D.
How to Practise D Minor
The D natural minor scale sits wonderfully in first position on guitar. Practise it ascending and descending, then try the harmonic minor variant by raising the 7th (C → C♯) for a more classical, tensioned sound.
FAQs
What notes are in the D minor scale?
The D natural minor scale contains: D — E — F — G — A — B♭ — C. It uses the Aeolian mode interval formula: W–H–W–W–H–W–W.
What chords are in the key of D minor?
The diatonic chords of D minor are: D minor, E diminished, F major, G minor, A minor, B♭ major, C major. The i chord (Dm) is the home chord; the VI and VII (B♭, C) are the most common major chords in this key.
What is the relative major of D minor?
The relative major of D minor is F major. They share the same notes and key signature (1 flat (B♭)) but have different tonal centres.
What is the difference between D natural minor and D harmonic minor?
D harmonic minor raises the 7th degree by a semitone, creating a leading tone that strongly resolves to the root. This adds classical tension and is particularly useful for creating a V chord in a minor key.
Is D minor the same as F major?
They share the same notes and key signature, but they are different scales. D minor is centred on D (it sounds 'home' when resting on D), while F major is centred on F. The emotional character of the two scales is completely different.